Osteoarthritis - degenerative-degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive destruction of articular cartilage and intra slow. Destructive nature of osteoarthritis inflammatory joint diseases includes a group of different causes and mechanisms of further development.
Osteoarthritis the most common diseases in the world and holds a leading position in men and women over the age of 30 increases the risk of developing the disease of age.
The pathology reasons
Developing osteoarthritis inside the joint deterioration on the joint cartilage as a result of foreign currency transactions and begins to lose water, not elastic. Similar changes in cartilage internal and external favourable factors may be causes:
- hormonal changes;
- age characteristics;
- genetic predisposition;
- rheumatoid arthritis;
- joints overload;
- migrated injury and damage – dislocations, fractures, severe bruising, bond rupture;
- changes, metabolism, intra-articular, obesity-related diabetes;
- hypothermia;
- as a result of inadequate and unbalanced nutrition, the body loses calcium, omega-3 and 6 fats and proteins;
- an inflammatory process in the joint;
- disorders of the femoral head – to pertus disease;
- problems with inherited blood diseases;
- autoimmune disease lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis.
Nothing to do with the development of osteoarthritis and joint provoke certain diseases, i.e.:
- gonorrhea;
- syphilis;
- hyperthyroidism;
- thyroiditis.
People who are at risk, heavy physical labor, and experience an increased load forced continuous supercool-Nov-skeletal system – miners, blacksmiths, athletes, movers, as well as pregnant women.
Symptoms of osteoarthritis
The first symptom of osteoarthritis is pain, the slightest effort, a public quick passes, once a common time alone. Osteoarthritis is characterized by 4 main symptoms:
- Pain – unlike the pain of osteoarthritis there are some features pain, accidental injury, joint, or inflammatory process. First of all, you should pay attention to discomfort and pain any movement of the affected joint and the load out. The value of the person, stop, move, and load goes quickly to remove the pain like, what happens when an injury or arthritis. At night, failing hard on the joints cause the patient discomfort when changing body position able to have virtually no feeling, but they quickly pass. Sharp shooting pain in joint destructive processes with an expression that may occur over time is getting stronger at night and contribute their own adjustments in lifestyle. Any changes in acute pain, a change in the weather the phases of the moon for the slightest exertion.
- Arduous – this sound, there is a visible decline as a result of bone rubbing together and the accompanying rotation of the bones around the joint that leads softness characteristic crunch. Degenerative joint that progresses is becomes than an attack, and may be accompanied by pain.
- Limited motion, joint – mobility development in the early stage of the disease process is a limitation, but as it progresses, follow the simple steps to make it more difficult for the patient through joint destruction. Finally, the affected joint is completely immobilized.
- Joint deformity – synovial fluid accumulates on the membrane surface and is starting to grow osteophytes. Joint deformity observed pathological process is running to a certain extent.
The degenerative process in the joint is not fast growing, disease exacerbation and in remission phase characteristic for the patient seek immediate medical attention, thus encouraging progress of the destructive processes in the joint.
Scene
The scene is defined using the progression of joint pathological process. X-ray studies. Disease stage 4 properties only:
- First – Ile characterized by a small contraction, joint cavity, in this case, have any pathological bone growth;
- Secondly, there is a slight cracks on the joint space narrowing, osteophytes formed on the surface of the dice;
- The gap narrowed a third joint, multiple joints osteophytes observed on the membrane surface warping;
- Fourth – multiple osteophytes, joint gap is almost never available, that is, joint deformity.
Degrees
Expressed in degenerative osteoarthritis-affected cartilage, which is a common result of the destructive process, develop, changes, capsule and synovial sheaths, joints and ligaments and bone structures are around there. Destruction has decided to extend the specified 3 degrees depending on the severity and the severity of osteoarthritis.
In the first degree
Articular deformations or changes in expression, but don't bothered synovial fluid composition – why the inadequate provision Ayse, joint, tissue, food, water and trace elements, resulting in faster cartilage elastic and compliant loads. Over time, this causes inflammation and is accompanied by pain and traffic loads are common.
Osteoarthritis of First Instance drawn them sick nobody not medical help, customers uncomfortable posture during sleep from the discomfort and pain, fatigue, the wrong lifestyle. I realize I can be patient sometimes arduous characteristic pane in the affected joint, however, this was not accompanied, strong headache, just an inconvenience, what don't shower again, worthwhile, important, pay attention.
In the first stage, if caused by osteoarthritis of the disease can be easily treated.
In the second degree
At this stage, the disease accompanies destructive processes in the cartilage of the joint is the inside. Osteophytes grow on the surface of the lesions are more pronounced and more intense barely a load in the area to be progress.
In this case, the patient had a persistent pain shooting character, whining and complaints from time to time and for a long time by themselves, but not to know about yourself. Then the disease progresses again. On the background of pathological process that slowly they lose the muscles that surround inflamed joints the patient is easily tired and durable physical load, you must move them easily. As the patient progresses slowly deformed cartilage and secondary osteoarthritis of the joints.
Third degree
The most severe. Intra-articular joint cartilage thins and violently destroyed, if there is a deformation and distortion characteristics is clearly why the affected limb. Located next to a joint, ligament atrophy and loss of mobility that is accompanied by a lack of nutrients and oxygen missty slowly. In this case, the patient always have acute pain, a change in body position change, and any attempt an improved, weather conditions and moon phases and slowly opens the exact loss capacity.
Arthrosis of a kind
Depending on which provoke pathological process in the joint cause of primary osteoarthritis, secondary and idiopathic.
Primary develops as an independent disease, as a secondary outcome, previous injury or infection, the cause of the idiopathic form is unknown. Additionally, the classification, depending on the cause of the disease osteoarthritis, there are destructive changes in the place of localization of pathological processes:
- Gonarthrosis – the most common type of knee joint pathology that is characterized by a defeat. Gonarthrosis the most common occur in people, obesity and chronic metabolic diseases to the body's weakened immune. The full path for a long time and slowly progressive osteoarthritis of the knee loss of motor function.
- Ankle osteoarthritis – degenerative processes in the area of developmental the main reasons that is passed to the ankle injury, sprains, sprains, fractures. In some cases, a development that can trigger the disease process an autoimmune disease – rheumatoid arthritis. Exposed ankle arthrosis dancers, wearing, women, high heels, athletes.
- The main cause of osteoarthritis degenerative processes of the shoulder joint shoulder joint or congenital anomalies in the region which is at the centre of overload, for example, rests on the shoulders when worn with heavy luggages.
- Age related changes or osteoarthritis of the hip joint which is the main cause koksartroz, tissues, and joints. People at risk the age of 45.
- Encounters or osteoarthritis, cervical and neck injuries causes of progressive low back pain, obesity, sedentary lifestyle. Computer risk the people who work at the office. Outdoor patients are marked in neck pain, dizziness, depression, impaired consciousness, memory impairment, and fatigue. These symptoms are due to printed, and the vertebral artery, through which the brain comes to nutrients and oxygen.
- Spondyloarthrosis – destructive destruction to exposed tissue, the vertebral column, i.e., L its section. A woman at risk, a period, such as menopause, spondyloarthrosis as it progresses, the background of the lack of female hormones.
- Finger osteoarthritis – develop, and for the same reason, spondyloarthrosis.
- This polyarthrose – involvement pathological process that is characterized by progressive degenerative processes of joints included in them this more than one ligament, Nov, joints and surrounding tissue.
Possible complications
In the absence of timely diagnosis and treatment osteoarthritis will progress to, by the way, overhangs and other joint development to promote the development of the total polyarthrose gruzevich.
Complications for osteoarthritis:
- the destruction of joint integrity;
- the shape deformation;
- limited movement;
- disability is sick.
All these complications greatly reducing the quality of life of patients, to participate in concomitant diseases and disorders, and perfectly still sick.
Diagnostic methods
The diagnosis of the disease patient assistance for trauma podiatrist. To differentiate other pathologies osteoarthritis, joint, and Nov-determination of the skeletal system X-ray 2 displayed. This study provides the modified plots adjacent tissue to determine exactly what the existence of the affected joints, destruction of bone and ligaments, osteopenia was seen.
If necessary, your doctor also patient MRI, computed tomography, computed tomography systems. In some cases the sample for fence artrosentez produce synovial fluid.
Treatment of osteoarthritis
Best osteoarthritis treatment in the early stages to produce, and lends itself better then the disease conservative treatment methods. It is important that you set up advancing the cause destructive changes in the joint, and the factors that can stop in time.
Treatment of osteoarthritis of the inflammatory process is comprehensive and conducted to eliminate knocking, pain syndrome, stopping progression of the disease process and, if possible, restore lost function in the joints. Conservative treatment includes drug drug selection .. etc .. etc .. etc .. etc., and physical therapy treatments.
Treat medicine .. etc .. etc ..
Localization of the pathological process of osteoarthritis treatment in different places:
- Osteoarthritis of the fingers and the hand to reduce pain syndrome patient prescription non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the form of ointment, cream, gel. Chondroprotectors intake for the warning displays the progress of the disease process. Then, the process acute inflammatory edema-determination, massage and physiotherapy treatment methods.
- A glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis – injection into the patient into the joints, pain medications, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Oral-can share going to be the drugs of litigation by taking it relaxes to decrease the intensity of pain and a few Nov. Then, edema, acute inflammation and pain has been shown to physical therapy and massage.
- Osteoarthritis of the knee over – the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and topical compresses, ointments, gels. The area shown in the affected joint physiotherapy treatment methods.
- Osteoarthritis of the hip joint – region, the imposition of compresses, ointments or gel is injected into the joints and impregnated a group of NSAIDS, pain medication inject.
- Osteoarthritis of the knee – zone lesions with ointments and gels applied to the analgesic effect, and then edema, acute inflammation and pain physiotherapy treatment methods shown.
- Ankle osteoarthritis – strict bed rest with the affected joint for maximum peace proposed to the patient. At least weakening, is assigned to an acute inflammatory process physiotherapy procedures, Hammam, massage comes with amenities such as.
Physiotherapy treatment
An effective physiotherapy methods, different degrees of severity of osteoarthritis commonly used are:
- Shock wave therapy effectively eliminates the formation of osteophytes growths by eliminating the sick person, pain and joint mobility restrictions;
- Nov stimulation the moon around the affected joint – this process is very effective for patients that provides mobility, improve blood circulation, joint, regenerative processes, improve speed, Nov Tonus;
- Ozone therapy – thanks to the gas mixture injected into the affected joint cavity, the patient's pain is reduced, normal joint mobility, inflammation disappears and symptoms. Ozone therapy courses held for maximum effect;
- Phonophoresis – pulse ultrasonic waves to the region, drug use .. etc. .. etc. This method is much more effective because the drug drug delivery etc .. etc .. etc .. etc .. direct intralesional injections of ultrasonic waves.
Also this treatment physiotherapy exercise therapy, massage, manual therapy, mechanotherapy.
Diet
Osteoarthritis must while dieting, balanced and rich in unsaturated fatty acids, protein, trace elements. Recommended diet, fresh fish, vegetable oils, cheese, milk and dairy products, meat, fresh vegetables and fruits.
The diet should eliminate bakery, and "fast" carbs, chocolate, coffee, alcohol, pork, greasy and spicy food.
Surgical treatment
That's to be expected, resulted in conservative treatments fail, the diagnosis of degenerative changes or osteoarthritis in the joint is that when working on a phase, that is, limited mobility is prescribed to a patient a surgical intervention.
Surgical treatment of arthrosis is done in various ways:
- Puncture of the affected joint: this method at the same time, and a diagnosis and treatment. The fence provides precisely synovial fluid sample to determine the nature of the disease etc .. etc .. an effective medicine for you to get rooted in. During operation during a puncture, corticosteroids injected into the joint cavity and various anti-inflammatory drugs that are instantly and removes the burden on the joints and reduce the pain.
- Arthroscopy – arthroscopy is injected into the joint cavity for a careful examination through the joint. During operation, the doctor immediately remove growths, bone, and various tumors.
- Osteotomy – the bone of the joint in fixed position during operation to adjust the permission to repair not only the special tools and a bit of motor function, but to get rid of discomfort and severe pain of the patient.
- Prosthetic joints, fractures, prosthetic joint is removed and in its place accept a loss of high quality material set of properties that completely joint, and extremity pain, the patient to get rid of job mobility.
Prevention
Prevention of osteoarthritis in a comprehensive campaign that lies:
- keep a healthy and an active lifestyle;
- rational and nutrition;
- exception bad habits;
- injury prevention and joint injury;
- timely treatment of inflammatory processes.
The slightest change in the works for people in risk groups be especially careful joint, and pain when, crunch and crunch immediate attention this trauma podiatrist.